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＜p＞Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin hormone which increases the absorption and metabolism of calcium and phosphorous jointly with parathyroid glands.＜br /＞People who are exposed to normal amounts of sunlight do not require vitamin D supplements because sunlight provides adequate vitamin D synthesis in the skin.＜br /＞Vitamin D is an active hormone produced by the kidneys that assists to manage the concentration of calcium in the blood and is very important for the formation of strong bones.＜br /＞Vitamin D is in reality a hormone rather than a vitamin.＜br /＞The body makes a large amount of the vitamin D it requires; only about 10% comes from the food.＜br /＞The action of sunlight on the skin manufactures an inert substance called cholecalciferol, which is transformed by the liver to the inert calcidiol in seven days.＜br /＞Calcidiol is regarded as a good indicator of vitamin D levels and is the form that is normally measured by doctors.＜br /＞This is later transformed in the kidneys by the enzyme 1α-hydroxylase to calcitriol, a secosteroid hormone that is the active form of vitamin D.＜br /＞It can also be transformed into 24-hydroxycalcidiol in the kidneys through 24-hydroxylation.＜br /＞The active form of vitamin D is manufactured primarily by the kidneys, but there are also a number of other tissues in the body that activate vitamin D.＜br /＞Excess cholecalciferol and calcidiol produced during the summer are stored in the body fat for use during the winter.＜br /＞Vitamin D alters the action of bone cells and is essential for the development of new bone in children and adults.＜br /＞It also controls the calcium levels in the blood by helping the body to take in calcium from food and by avoiding calcium loss from the kidneys.＜br /＞In recent times, the role of vitamin D as a strong controller of other functions throughout the body has been recognized.＜br /＞There are 5 types of vitamin D: D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5.＜br /＞The two forms that seem to matter to humans the most are vitamins D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol).＜br /＞Vitamin D for humans is obtained from＜br /＞1. Sun exposure,＜br /＞2. Food especially mushrooms, fish such as tuna, sardines, cod liver oil, eggs, and dairy products.＜br /＞It is biologically inert and has to go through 2 hydroxylation reactions to become active in the body.＜br /＞Vitamin D is essential for:＜br /＞a. Skeletal integrity and the avoidance of:＜br /＞b. Rickets,＜br /＞c. Osteomalacia (loss of bone mineralization) and＜br /＞d. Osteoporosis.＜br /＞Vitamin D Deficiency is a medical disorder caused by the deficiency of the human of Vitamin D as a result of insufficient dietary intake or impaired absorption.＜br /＞Insufficient vitamin D from sun exposure or dietary intake results in deficiency states.＜br /＞Severe vitamin D deficiency has serious results for bone health presenting as rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.＜br /＞Vitamin D Deficiency treatment is the avoidance of bone fractures by reducing bone loss and by raising bone density and strength.＜br /＞The treatment of vitamin D deficiency is with Vitamin D supplements, fortified food and sun light exposure.＜br /＞The treatment of vitamin D insufficiency can reduce the danger of hip and non-vertebral fractures.＜/p＞＜p＞TABLE OF CONTENT＜br /＞Introduction＜br /＞Chapter 1 Vitamin D (Calciferol)＜br /＞Chapter 2 Cause of Deficiency＜br /＞Chapter 3 Symptoms＜br /＞Chapter 4 Diagnosis＜br /＞Chapter 5 Treatment＜br /＞Chapter 6 Prognosis＜br /＞Chapter 7 Rickets＜br /＞Chapter 8 Osteomalacia＜br /＞Epilogue＜/p＞画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。

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